large molecule found in all cells and similar in structure to DNA, molecule that plays a major role in protein synthesis and cellular chemical processes (Biology)
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Rna Definition from Language, Idioms & Slang Dictionaries & Glossaries
rna
n : a nucleic acid that transmits genetic information from dna to the cytoplasm; controls certain chemical processes in the cell; "ribonucleic acid is the genetic material of some viruses" [syn: ribonucleic acid, rna]
rna
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Noun
1. (biochemistry) a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes; it transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes in the cell; "ribonucleic acid is the genetic material of some viruses"
(synonym) ribonucleic acid
(hypernym) polymer
(hyponym) messenger RNA, mRNA, template RNA, informational RNA
(substance-meronym) ribose
(part-meronym) nucleic acid
(classification) biochemistry
Rna Definition from Science & Technology Dictionaries & Glossaries
ribonucleic acid that synthesizes protein within a cell, transferring information from DNA to the protein-forming system of the cell; also involved in expression and repression of hereditary information; its four main types are heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
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defined: A chemical similar to a single strand of DNA. In RNA, the letter U, which stands for uracil, is substituted for T in the genetic code. RNA delivers DNA's genetic message to the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made.
explained: Listen to a detailed explanation.
Dr. Leslie Biesecker , of the National Human Genome Research Institute's Laboratory of Genetic Disease Research, defines RNA.
illustrated: View illustration
related terms: cell , deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) , genetic code (ATGC) , messenger RNA (mRNA) , protein
explained: Listen to a detailed explanation.
Dr. Leslie Biesecker , of the National Human Genome Research Institute's Laboratory of Genetic Disease Research, defines RNA.
illustrated: View illustration
related terms: cell , deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) , genetic code (ATGC) , messenger RNA (mRNA) , protein
(ribonucleic acid): A single-stranded nucleic acid that is found both in nucleus and cytoplasm. Other differences from DNA are: it contains uracil instead of thymine, it is single-stranded, and its sugar molecule is ribose. Total cellular RNA is made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA, 80-85%), transfer RNA (tRNA, 15-20%) and messenger RNA (mRNA, 1-5%). See also small nuclear RNA and heterogeneous nuclear RNA.
Rna Definition from Computer & Internet Dictionaries & Glossaries
Rna Definition from Encyclopedia Dictionaries & Glossaries
Ribonucleic acid , or RNA, is part of a group of molecules known as the nucleic acids, which are one of the four major macromolecules (along with lipids, carbohydrates and proteins) essential for all known forms of life. Like DNA, RNA is made up of a long chain of components called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a nucleobase, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate group. The sequence of nucleotides allows RNA to encode genetic information. All cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to carry the genetic information that directs the synthesis of proteins. In addition, many viruses use RNA instead of DNA as their genetic material.
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Rna Definition from Society & Culture Dictionaries & Glossaries
A molecule that carries the genetic message from DNA to a cellular protein-producing mechanism.
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Ribonucleic Acid
Rna Definition from Entertainment & Music Dictionaries & Glossaries
Rna Definition from Medicine Dictionaries & Glossaries
Ribonucleic acid. One of the two types of nucleic acids found in all cells. The other is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). RNA transmits genetic information from DNA to proteins produced by the cell.
A Service of the National Cancer Institute.
Ribonucleic Acid
ribonucleic acid
Ribonucleic acid, a chemical similar to DNA. The several classes of RNA molecules play important roles in protein synthesis and other cell activities.
A chemical found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells; it plays an important role in protein synthesis and other chemical activities of the cell. The structure of RNA is similar to that of DNA. There are several classes of RNA molecules, including messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, and other small RNAs, each serving a different purpose.
Short for ribonucleic acid. A chemical (specifically, a nucleic acid) similar to DNA but containing ribose rather than deoxyribose. RNA is in fact formed upon a DNA template. The several classes of RNA molecules play crucial roles in protein synthesis and other cell activities. (See also messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA.)
A single-stranded molecule, found in all living cells, that contributes to transferring information from DNA to the cell’s protein-forming system.
Genetic material similar to DNA. It often acts as a ‘message’ that is delivered to cells, prompting them to change and prepare for reproduction. Molecules found in all cells which translate DNA genetic information into protein. RNA is much less stable than DNA, and mutates frequently during its reproduction. For this reason, all life forms (with the exception some viruses) use it only as a temporary messenger molecule to carry information that is permanently stored in DNA. A nucleic acid found in all living cells. Plays a role in transferring information from DNA to the protein-forming system of the cell
a single-stranded nucleic acid that encodes genetic information. RNA is made up of sequence of 4 chemical building blocks (nucleotides) -- adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil. RNA is involved in the transcription of genetic information; the information encoded in DNA is translated into messenger RNA (mRNA), which controls the synthesis of new proteins. RNA takes the place of DNA in retroviruses such as HIV. The presence of HIV RNA in the plasma indicates that the virus is actively replicating.
Aegis
1. A nucleic acid, found mostly in the cytoplasm -- rather than the nucleus -- of cells, that is important in the synthesis of proteins. The amount of RNA varies from cell to cell. RNA, like the structurally similar DNA<!-- (see) -->, is a chain made up of subunits called nucleotides<!-- (see) -->. In protein synthesis, messenger RNA (mRNA; see) replicates the DNA code for a protein and moves to sites in the cell called ribosomes<!-- (see) -->. There, transfer RNA (tRNA) assembles amino acids to form the protein specified by the messenger RNA. Most forms of RNA (including messenger and transfer RNA) consist of a single nucleotide strand, but a few forms of viral RNA that function as carriers of genetic information (instead of DNA) are double-stranded. Some viruses, such as HIV, carry RNA instead of the more usual genetic material DNA. See Cytoplasm; Retrovirus.
ATIS
a single-stranded molecule composed of chemical building blocks, similar to DNA. The RNA segments in cells represent copies of portions of the DNA sequences in the nucleus. RNA is the sole genetic material of retroviruses.
A strand of nucleotides (chemical building blocks) that transmit genetic information. RNA performs the same functioning in retroviruses that DNA does in viruses.
