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March 9
Events - 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia.
- 1230 - Bulgarian tsar Ivan Asen II defeats Theodore of Epirus near the village of Klokotnitsa.
- 1276 - Augsburg becomes an Imperial Free City.
- 1500 - The fleet of Pedro Alvares Cabral leaves Lisbon for the Indies. The fleet will discover the sea route to Brazil, already Portuguese since the treaty of Tordesillas in 1494.
- 1566 - David Rizzio, the private secretary to Mary I of Scotland, is murdered in the Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh, Scotland.
- 1765 - After a public campaign by the writer Voltaire, judges in Paris posthumously exonerate Jean Calas of murdering his son. Calas had been tortured and executed in 1762 on the charge, though his son had actually committed suicide.
- 1776 - Publication of the economics book The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith.
- 1796 - Napoléon Bonaparte marries his first wife, Joséphine de Beauharnais.
- 1834 - French Foreign Legion is founded.
- 1841 - The Supreme Court of the United States rules in the Amistad case, concerning captive Africans who seized control of the slave-trading ship carrying them: the court rules that they had been taken into slavery illegally.
- 1842 - Giuseppe Verdi's third opera Nabucco premieres in Milan; its success establishes Verdi as one of Italy's foremost opera writers.
- 1847 - Mexican-American War: United States forces under General Winfield Scott invade Mexico near Vera Cruz.
- 1856 - Sigma Alpha Epsilon is founded in the Johnston Mansion House on the University of Alabama
- 1862 - American Civil War: The first battle between two ironclad warships, a five-hour battle near Hampton Roads, Virginia between the USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia, results in a draw.
- 1908 - Inter Milan is founded.
- 1910 - The Westmoreland County Coal Strike, involving 15,000 coal miners represented by the United Mine Workers, begins.
- 1916 - Pancho Villa leads 1,500 Mexican raiders in an attack against Columbus, New Mexico, killing 17.
- 1924 - Italy annexes Fiume.
- 1925 - Pink's War, the first RAF operation conducted independently of the Army or Navy, begins.
- 1932 - The Egyptian University rector "Ahmed Lotfy El-Said" resigns in protest of the transfer of Dr.Taha Hussein without the University's permission. In 2003, an academic group called "March 9" is established in Egypt to defend academic rights and university independence.
- 1932 - The first Ford Flathead engine leaves the assembly line at Ford Motor Company.
- 1933 - Great Depression: The U.S. Congress begins its first 100 days of enacting New Deal legislation. President Franklin D. Roosevelt submits the Emergency Banking Act to Congress.
- 1935 - Hitler announces the creation of a new air force.
- 1945 - World War II: Bombing of Tokyo - American B-29 bombers attack Tokyo, Japan with incendiary bombs. The resulting fire storm kills over 100,000 people.
- 1954 - McCarthyism: CBS television broadcasts the See It Now episode, "A Report on Senator Joseph McCarthy," produced by Edward R. Murrow.
- 1957 - The magnitude 8.6 1957 Andreanof Islands Earthquake and tsunami occurs.
- 1959 - The Barbie doll debuts.
- 1967 - Josef Stalin's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva defects to the United States.
- 1975 - Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System begins.
- 1976 - Forty-two people die in a Cavalese cable-car disaster, the worst cable-car accident to date.
- 1977 - The 1977 Hanafi Muslim Siege: Approximately a dozen armed Hanafi Muslims take over 3 buildings in Washington, DC, killing 1 person and taking more than 130 hostages. The hostage situation ends 2 days later.
- 1984 - The Competitive Enterprise Institute in founded in Washington, D.C.
- 1986 - United States Navy divers find the largely intact but heavily-damaged crew compartment of the Space Shuttle Challenger. The bodies of all seven astronauts were still inside.
- 1989 - A strike forces financially-troubled Eastern Air Lines into bankruptcy.
- 1990 - Dr. Antonia Novello is sworn in as Surgeon General of the United States, becoming the first female and Hispanic American to serve in that position.
- 1990 - Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Clyde Wells confirms he will rescind Newfoundland's approval of the Meech Lake Accord, effectively killing the Accord.
- 1991 - Massive demonstrations are held against Slobodan Milošević in Belgrade. Two people are killed and tanks are in the streets.
- 1993 - Rodney King testifies at the federal trial of four Los Angeles, California police officers accused of violating King's civil rights when they beat him during an arrest.
- 2006 - Liquid water is discovered on Enceladus, the sixth largest moon of Saturn.
- 2007 - The US Justice Department releases an internal audit that found that the FBI had acted illegally in its use of the USA Patriot Act, to secretly obtain personal information about US citizens.
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